Last few months, I have started working on a web application that belongs to a Swedish client. Since this application's target audience is Swedish people, we were only focused on the Swedish language as the application language. We have hardcoded all the labels (I know it is not a good practice but for this case that was fine 😉). Then we figured out something is wrong when it rendered in the HTML. Symptoms All the special Swedish characters were rendered as � åäö Swedish characters shown as � Cause This is most likely caused by the encoding. Resolution Ideally, you can overcome this issue by providing a metadata tag for "charset". In your index.html file, add the following meta tag to the header section. < meta charset = "UTF-8" > Simply, when you declare the "charset" as "UTF-8", you are telling your browser to use the UTF-8 character encoding, which is a method of converting your typed characters into ma...